Forthcoming

The role of the occupational therapist for primary school children: consideration of collaborative practices with primary school teachers

Authors

  • Annmarie Collins
  • Miriam Colum

Keywords:

inclusion, occupational therapy, collaboration, primary school teachers

Abstract

This article examines the role of the Occupational Therapist (OT) for children with SEN in primary schools, with an emphasis on the importance of collaborative practice between the OT and primary school teachers to enhance inclusion. Adopting a qualitative approach, data was gathered from eight teachers using semi structured interviews. The findings reveal that there is some understanding of the role of the OT despite lack of education and training on the role, and on collaborative practices. Furthermore, many challenges such as poor communication, long waiting lists, inadequate funding, inconsistent reporting, and a lack of knowledge on using specific equipment exists when it comes to the provision of OT on site in schools. Finally, participants’ aspirations for collaboration can be seen in a broader desire to get involved with work that promotes inclusion and recommend deeper communication, education, and training and in school provision.

References

Babulal, G.M., Foster, E.R. and Wolf, T.J., (2016) Facilitating transfer of skills and strategies in occupational therapy practice: Practical application of transfer principles. Asian journal of occupational therapy, 11(1), pp.19-25.

Bayona, C. L., McDougall, J., Tucker, M. A., Nichols, M., & Mandich, A. (2006) School-Based Occupational Therapy for Children with Fine Motor Difficulties: Evaluating Functional Outcomes and Fidelity of Services. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 26(3), 89–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/J006v26n03_07

Bazyk, S., and Case-Smith, J. (2010) “School-based Occupational Therapy.” In Occupational Therapy for Children, 6th ed., edited by J. Case-Smith and J. C. O’Brien, 713–743. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

Benson, J., Szucs, K., & Mejasic, J. (2016) Teachers’ perceptions of the role of occupational therapist in schools. Journal Of Occupational Therapy, Schools, &Amp; Early Intervention, 9(3), 290-301. https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2016.1183158

Benson, J. (2013) School-Based Occupational Therapy Practice: Perceptions and Realities of Current Practice and the Role of Occupation. Journal Of Occupational Therapy, Schools, &Amp; Early Intervention, 6(2), 165-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2013.811348

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021) Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide (1st ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd.

Bucey, J. & Provident, I. (2018) Strengthening school-based occupational therapy through peer mentoring. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools & Early Intervention. 11(1) 87-105.

Cahill, S., & Lopez-Reyna, N. (2013) Expanding School-Based Problem-Solving Teams to Include Occupational Therapists. Journal Of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 6(4), 314-325. doi: 10.1080/19411243.2013.860763

Clifford O’Brien, J., & Miller-Kuhaneck, H. (2020) Case-Smith's occupational therapy for children and adolescents (8th ed.). Elsevier.

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018) Research methods in education (8th ed.). London: Routledge.

Colum, M., & McIntyre, K. (2019) Exploring Social Inclusion as a Factor for the Academic Achievement of Students Presenting with Special Educational Needs (SEN) in Schools: A Literature Review. Irish Association Of Teachers In Special Educatio, 32(1), 21-32.

Colum, M. (2021) The Inclusion of Learners with Moderate General Learning Disabilities and Challenging Behaviours in School and Class Activities in Special Schools. REACH: Journal of Inclusive Education in Ireland, 33(2), 83–100. Retrieved from https://www.reachjournal.ie/index.php/reach/article/view/2.

Colum, M. and MacRuaric, G. (2023) No-one knows where we fit in really: The role of the Special Educational needs Co-ordinator (SENCO) in primary school settings in Ireland – the case for a distributed model of inclusion. Irish Educational Studies. 42(4) 543-560.

Creswell, J. W. (2013) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). London: SAGE Publications.

Department of Education and Skills. (2017) Guidelines for Primary Schools Supporting Pupils with Special Educational Needs in Mainstream Schools (pp. 6-13). Dublin 2: Department of Education and Skills. Retrieved from http://www.sess.ie/sites/default/files/inline-files/Guidelines-for-Primary-Schools-Supporting-Pupils-with-Special-Educational-Needs-in-Mainstream-Schools.pdf

Department of Education. (2020) More information about teaching in Ireland. Dublin: Department of Education.

Echsel, A., Price, L., Josephsson, S., & Schulze, C. (2019) “Together on the Way”: Occupational Therapy in Mainstream Education—A Narrative Study of Emerging Practice in Switzerland. Occupational Therapy International. 1-10. doi: 10.1155/2019/7464607.

Gardiner, C., (2023) Is the 'school inclusion model' a pathway to inclusion in Irish schools?. REACH: Journal of Inclusive Education in Ireland. 36(1) 61 -76.

Health Service Executive (HSE). (2009) Report of the National Reference Group on Multidisciplinary Disability Services for Children aged 5-18 (pp. 48-50). Dublin: Health Service Executive. Retrieved from https://www.hse.ie/eng/services/publications/disability/report%20of%20the%20national%20reference%20group%20on%20multidisciplinary%20disability%20services%20for%20children%20aged%205-18.pdf

Health Service Executive (HSE) (2009) Report of the National Reference Group on Multidisciplinary Disability Services for Children aged 5-18 (pp. 48-50). Dublin: Health Service Executive. Retrieved from https://www.hse.ie/eng/services/publications/disability/report%20of%20the%20national%20reference%20group%20on%20multidisciplinary%20disability%20services%20for%20children%20aged%205-18.pdf

Health Service Executive (HSE). (2016) Framework for Improving Quality. Dublin: Health Service Executive. Retrieved from https://www.hse.ie/eng/about/who/nqpsd/patient-safety-programme/the-quality-improvement-collaborative-participant-handbook.pdf

Hick, P., Matziari, A., Mintz, J., Ó Murchú, F., Cahill, K., Hall, K., Curtin, C. and Solomon, Y., (2019) Initial teacher education for inclusion: Final report to the National Council for Special Education. Trim, NCSE. https://ncse.ie/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/04611_NCSE-Initial-Teacher-Education-RR27.pdf (accessed November 11th 2023)

Layachi, A., Douglas, G. and Reraki, M., (2023) Drama-based intervention to support social inclusion: evaluation of an approach to include students with ADHD in Algeria. Educational Psychology in Practice, 17 (1) pp.1-23.

Lynch, H., Ring, E., Boyle, B., Moore, A., O'Toole, C., O’Sullivan, L., Brophy, T., Frizelle, P., Horgan, D. and O’Sullivan, D., (2021) Evaluation of In-School and Early Years Therapy Support Demonstration Project. Research Report No. 28. Meath: National Council for Special Education, pp.14-149.

McCartney, E., (1999) Barriers to collaboration: an analysis of systemic barriers to collaboration between teachers and speech and language therapists. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 34(4), pp.431-440.

Missiuna, C. A., Pollock, N. A., Levac, D. E., Campbell, W. N., Whalen, S. D. S., Bennett, S. M., Hecimovich, C. A., Gaines, B. R., Cairney, J., & Russell, D. J. (2012) Partnering for Change: An Innovative School-Based Occupational Therapy Service Delivery Model for Children.

National Council for Special Education, (2019) Policy Advice on Special Schools and Classes: An Inclusive Education for an Inclusive Society. Trim: NCSE

O'Brien, J. and Miller-Kuhaneck, H., (2020) Case-Smith's occupational therapy for children and adolescents. 8th ed. Missouri: Elsevier, pp.327-331.

O’Donoghue, C., O’Leary, J., & Lynch, H. (2021) Occupational Therapy Services in School-Based Practice: A Pediatric Occupational Therapy Perspective from Ireland. Occupational Therapy International, 2021, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6636478.

O’Reilly, E. and Colum, M. (2021) Newly Qualified Teachers and Inclusion in Higher Education: Policy, Practice and Preparation. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Leadership Studies. 2 (1) 64-78.

Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. and Hoagwood, K., (2015) Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and policy in mental health and mental health services research, 42, pp.533-544.

Patton, S., Hutton, E., & MacCobb, S. (2015) Curriculum differentiation for handwriting and occupational therapy/teacher partnership: collaboration or conflict? Irish Educational Studies, 34(2), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2015.1032994

Phelan. C. (2023) More than 100,000 children waiting for first-time primary care assessments. Irish Examiner article. Retrieved from: https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-41196130.html

Rens, L. and Joosten, A., (2014) Investigating the experiences in a school‐based occupational therapy program to inform community‐based paediatric occupational therapy practice. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 61(3), pp.148-158.

Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2012) Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.

The Association of Occupational Therapists of Ireland (AOTI) (2021) News | PRESS RELEASE: Minister for Health Must Urgently Address Growing Waiting Lists for Occupational Therapy Services https://www.aoti.ie/news/PRESS-RELEASE:-Minister-for-Health-must-urgently-address-growing-waiting-lists-for-Occupational-Therapy-services (accessed December 1st, 2023)

Downloads

Published

2024-09-10

How to Cite

Collins, A., & Colum, M. (2024). The role of the occupational therapist for primary school children: consideration of collaborative practices with primary school teachers. REACH: Journal of Inclusive Education in Ireland. Retrieved from https://reachjournal.ie/index.php/reach/article/view/585

Issue

Section

Articles